Common Vetch (Vicia sativa)

Fabaceae (Pea Family)

Synonym(s): Narrow-Leaf Vetch, Garden Vetch

Base Flower Color: Pink
Reproductive Phenology: Apr , May , Jun , Jul

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Large-Flowered Valerian (Valeriana pauciflora Michx.)

Valerianaceae (Valerian Family)

Base Flower Color: White
Reproductive Phenology: Apr , May , Jun

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Wood Spurge (Euphorbia commutata Engelm. ex A. Gray)

Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family)

Synonym(s): Wood Spurge, Woodland Spurge, Tinted Woodland Spurge, Tinted Spurge

Base Flower Color: Yellow , Green
Reproductive Phenology: Mar , Apr , May , Jun
Bloom Notes: Four greenish-yellow staminate glandular flowers lacking petals surround one pistillate flower. Flowers are subtended by a pair of connate or near-connate rounded, showy bracts.

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Glade Sandwort (Mononeuria patula (Michx.) Dillenb. & Kadereit)

Caryophyllaceae (Pink Family)

Synonym(s): Pitcher’s Stitchwort, Slender Sandwort, Spreading Sandwort, Lime Barren Sandwort, Glade Sandwort

Base Flower Color: White
Reproductive Phenology: Apr , May , Jun , Jul

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Wild Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis L.)

Ranunculaceae (Buttercup Family)

Synonym(s): Eastern Red Columbine, Wild Red Columbine

Base Flower Color: Red
Reproductive Phenology: Mar, Apr, May, Jun

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Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande)

Brassicaceae (Mustard Family)

Synonym(s): Hedge Garlic, Mustard Root

Base Flower Color: White
Reproductive Phenology: Mar , Apr ,May
Notes: According to Invasive.org, Garlic mustard has displaced vast areas occupied by native spring wildflowers like spring beauty (Claytonia virginica), wild ginger (Asarum canadense), bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), trilliums (Trillium species) and toothworts (Cardamine). Three native butterfly species, the West Virginia white (Pieris virginiensis), mustard white butterfly (Pieris oleracea), and the falcate orange-tip (Anthocharis midea annicka), are especially impacted when garlic mustard displaces toothworts, its host plants. Chemicals in garlic mustard are toxic to the larvae of the native butterflies. Other chemicals have been found to affect mychorrhizal fungi associated with native trees, resulting in suppression of native tree seedling growth.

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Southern Blackberry (Rubus argutus Link)

Rosaceae (Rose Family)

Synonym(s): Sawtooth Blackberry

Base Flower Color: White
Reproductive Phenology: Apr , May , Jun

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Cutleaf Evening Primrose (Oenothera laciniata Hill)

Onagraceae (Evening Primrose Family)

Synonym(s): Cutleaf Evening-primrose, Cut-leaved Evening Primrose

Base Flower Color: White , Pink , Yellow
Reproductive Phenology: Mar , Apr , May , Jun , Jul , Aug , Sep , Oct

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Perfoliate Bellwort (Uvularia perfoliata L.)

Liliaceae (Lily Family)

Synonym(s): Perfoliate Bellwort, Mealy Bellwort, Merrybells

Base Flower Color: Yellow
Reproductive Phenology: Mar , Apr , May

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